All of the main camps except Arbeitsdorf, Herzogenbusch, Niederhagen, Kauen, Kaiserwald, and Vaivara (1937 borders). Out of an estimated 5.7 million Soviet POWs captured by the Germans, 3.3 million died in captivity. provided a list (called the "Yellow List") naming 73 camp locations, less than half the actual number of camps -- POW relief supply drops (4,470 tons) covered a total of 158 camp sites in Japan. The survivors of the sinking of the Oruku maru (see above) were held for several days in an open tennis court at Olongapo Naval Base. Sailed from Wewak, New Guinea on 17th March 1943 to Kavieng, New Ireland/Rabaul. Briton freed after 17 years in Thai jails feels 'let down' by FO Duncan Campbell Tue 15 May 2007 20.53 EDT A Blackpool businessman who spent more than 17 years in jail in Thailand, including. its the last stop. The first project for the prisoners was to clean the building. Prison meals in Thailand consist of unidentifiable vegetables and rotting meat. Sometimes those soldiers in charge of guarding the prisoners around the camp and the work site were dispatched from a nearby regiment or other units. Thailand has the largest prison population in Southeast Asia, with about 282,000 inmates in its 143 jails, mostly on drug convictions. Jimmy Kelly was sentenced to 30 years but spent just three behind bars for selling crystal meth at the bar he owned in the southeast Asian country. Companies paid the total wages to the accountant officer of the Japanese Army, who gave it to a POW officer, who paid the POWs. Built by the British in 1936 this was originally used by the Japanese to intern some 3500 civilians (mostly British citizens and Eurasians), although its capacity was only 600. Stopping off at one of the world's most notorious prisons may not seem an ideal holiday plan, but more travellers are visiting foreign prisoners at Thailand's high-security Bang Kwang jail. However the fear of Aids encourages many of them to be monogamous. Built by the Hong Kong government as a refugee camp before the war (as was North Point POW Camp), it began life as a POW camp soon after Kowloon and the New Territories were abandoned to the Japanese. endobj
Left Belawan Sumatra on 25/6/44 bound for Pakanbaroe Sumatra and was sunk by Submarine HMS Truculent the next day, 180 of 720 POW and 27 of 55 Japanese troops killed. Toyofuku Maru (AKA Hofuku Maru/Fuji Maru). A rescue attempt (as per Cabanatuan) using US Rangers and Filipino guerrillas rescued 2,147 Allied servicemen and Civilians from this camp. About the book. On top of the main hatch cover, 80 men were sleeping. The Asaka carried 709 British & Australian POWs from Singapore to Japan but was sunk by USN aircraft off Taiwan on 13/8/44, 690 survived. She told the press in 2016 that her son has also turned to the bible. In each camp, there was some facility like a simple clinic, but medical supplies were as scarce as they were among Japan's civilian population. To-158 Kotobuki Police Station, Yokohama? The POWs assembled at places such as Nagasaki, Nii-machi in Shizuoka Prefecture, Yokohama, Omori in Tokyo, Chitose in Hokkaido, and by the end of September, most of the POWs had returned to their home countries via Okinawa and Manila. Please bear in mind returning POWs were so traumatised these questionnaires were not completed in many instances. She said this mental condition had led her son to become vulnerable to the influence of others. This applies to most Thai prisons and certainly Klong Prem. We apologise unreservedly for any omissions or errors found. This wasnt the last dead body Id see there and as I soon discovered, every day would be a struggle for my own survival. There were many deaths, and the men were buried just outside the camp near the vegetable gardens of the Argyle Street Camp immediately on the other side of Argyle Street. We add around 200,000 new records each month. Corporal Breavington made a plea to the Japanese officers to execute him alone but was rejected. The Bangka Island massacre took place on 16 February 1942, when Japanese soldiers machine-gunned 22 Australian military nurses to death with only one survivor. At Sandakan and Ranau and Brunei, North Borneo, batches of prisoners in fifties and sixties were marched out to dig their graves, then shot or bayoneted and pushed into the graves, many before they were dead. Opened in 1941, this housed 3,700 allied civilians released by US Rangers and Filipino Guerrillas on February 3rd 1945. 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He commenced working with the Thai Examiner News Desk in May 2018. Lieutenant Kenichi Nakagawa was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. Other officers were later tried, found guilty and executed. But he broke the law - one mistake nearly cost him his life during a 27 month prison sentence in a harsh Thai jail. Many prisoners, including tourists, are forced to fight for their freedom, a practice that dates back to the 18th century when the Burmese people defeated Thailands old capital Ayutthaya. 16 0 obj
A headquarters camp located near to the River's edge, this housed a large hospital building and 3 cemeteries. Alarmingly, the Kingdom of Thailand has the highest female prison population rates, followed by the US. On Borneo there were Japanese-run internment camps at Batu Lintang, Kuching, Sarawak, Jesselton (later Kota Kinabalu), Sandakan and briefly on Labuan island. Punishments were severe even for slight infractions of the rules. On the other hand, she is now desperately waiting for the good news that Lance will be on his way home to the United Kingdom which will be a huge step forward for the young man and of great comfort and reassurance to his family. 32,418 POWs in total were detained in those camps. Bang Kwang is a grim place holding long term prisoners, and is where the death sentence is carried out on rare occasions. It should also be noted that all its decisions are entirely discretionary and case based. Of the 1210 people on board, a total of 339 were lost that night, 308 workers (including POWs), 26 prostitutes and 5 Japanese soldiers. One New Zealander who worked on the BurmaThailand railway received 126 letters, another only three. March - October 1943. A harrowing account of the sinking and murder of many POWs is found in the book Ships from Hell: Japanese War Crimes on the High Seas in World War II By Raymond Lamont-Brown. Sailed from Surabaya, Java 22/04/43 to Ambon/ Ceram/ Haruku arriving 04/5/43 with 1071 POWs. Once a day, youd be given a meal. The Embassy can facilitate the registration process with endobj
For example, they were limited to 100 letters. Inside the compound, POW quarters usually consisted of rows of two or three-storied bunk beds with either traditional Japanese Goza (woven straw mats) or tatami (straw mattresses) on the wooden bunks. Unlike weapons and supply transports (which were sometimes marked as Red Cross ships), these prisoner transports were unmarked and were targeted by Allied submarines and aircraft very often the majority of these ships were sunk by the end of the war. The basic menu was a bowl of rice, a cup of miso soup, and some pickles. Bare bulbs were used for the lights, and heat came from firepots or stoves made from shipping drums. In January 1942 it was emptied, with the POWs moving to Shamshuipo, North Point, and Ma Tau Chung Camps. Changi was not just one camp but up to seven prisoner-of-war (POW) and internee camps. However, she is also touched by the support from strangers and member of the public for her and her son. Prisoners are forced to live in horrendous conditions and constant fear. The survivors were put aboard the Brazil Maru which arrived in Moji, Japan, on January 29, 1945. Generally, the Japanese guards were responsible for providing rice and other ingredients for meals, and the POWs took turns preparing the food. For instance, a Brit was charged for defending himself after he had been attacked by a Thai gang. However, on January 9th, the Enoura Maru was bombed and disabled while in harbour, killing about 350 men. All but Sister Lt Vivian Bullwinkel were killed. Several times a month, meat or fish was provided, but as the food situation in Japan worsened, the meat disappeared. A machine gun was set up on the beach and when the women were waist deep, they were machine-gunned. The first time I walked into my cell was like heading into the lions den. Disregard for human life andsuffering built this railway, nothing else would have done so. The Japanese Govt. However, the pay was in the form of account books, not in cash. There, about 1,000 of the survivors were loaded on another Japanese ship, the Enoura Maru, while the rest boarded the smaller Brazil Maru. While in San Fernando, 15 weak or wounded prisoners were loaded on a truck, believing they would be taken to Bilibid for treatment. Bilibid new Prison opened in 1941 on the site of the former old prison and was converted into a POW camp after the Japanese occupation. More than one in five of them died there. Note: Hellships were frequently renamed or known by other names -AKA in these listings means 'also known as'. (v# bRJQ@}'3;;39EF}=78ehFjM;-n;
]k9"#. He said his son had witnessed two stabbings and an attempted rape up to that point while imprisoned there. The group of prisoners was then moved to San Fernando, Pampanga. Our database contains only those rosters we have managed to source so far -If you know of other roster lists please let us know if you know where these may be located and we will add them if at all possible. The Yuzan Maru was a US-made freighter. Allied Officers were sent to oversee the transfer of the POWs from the Japanese Army. 10 0 obj
18 0 obj
Sailed from Hong Kong to Nagasaki with 1200 POWs on 19/1/43. Jake Mostraini, the Australian man, must wait at least two more years to even apply and will serve a far longer prison term in Australia as his sentence in Thailand was two life sentence terms. original documents on Thailand camps (RG 24 Box 6) - Report on camps by John Slaughter (Royal Norfolk Regiment), with maps; Swiss telegrams re USS Houston survivors, list of Ameri In September and October 1943 several hundred Americans and Canadians, including a number from Hong Kong, walked with relief from the Teia Maru on to the Gripsholm at Marmagao in Portuguese India. We have recently added data from the national archives nominal rosters for those held by the Japanese under reference WO392 (returning Pow information). The big difference between the Branch Camp and Dispatched Camp is as follows: In a Branch Camp the Japanese Army supplied all the housing, food, and clothing for the POWs, In a Dispatched/detached camp food, housing, and clothing were provided by the companies and the IJA (Imperial Japanese Army) only provided the POWs and military staff. This is the reality for more than 15,000 foreigners from over 100 countries, as of 2020. The Tokyo and Osaka Camps had attached hospitals, Shinagawa POW Hospital, and Kobe POW Hospital, which treated seriously ill patients from each branch camp. Sailed from Palau to New Guniea on 20/1/44 with 611 POWs on board. Company guards were responsible for the POWs while they were at work. Some POWs testified that they had never received any pay in any form. The Imperial Japanese Army ran all camps in the North, with the Japanese Navy controlling those in the south. Repair work continued and both bridges were operational again by the end of May. endobj
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The shots wounded the four but did not kill them. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. The ship contained many injured service personnel and 64 Australian nurses of the 2/13th Australian General Hospital. Two British prisoners including 'drug dealer' sent home from Thailand do NOT have coronavirus, tests confirm. The Japanese transferred most of the prisoners to other areas, leaving just over 500 seriously ill American and other Allied POWs and civilians in the prison. <>>>
Whenever that happens or what terms will be subsequently laid down by Thai, UK and for Jake, Australian authorities. The worst problem for prisoners in all North-east Asian camps was enduring the extreme cold in an undernourished state. Two nurses were killed in the bombing, nine were last seen drifting away from the ship on a raft and were never heard from again, and the rest reached the shore at Bangka Island, in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). And I know that if it wasnt for them, a difficult situation may have become an impossible one. A set of 3 ships carried around 2200 POWs to Moji however. Shuske Wada, whose charges paralleled those of Toshino, was the official interpreter for the guard group. Some prison cells have a hole in the centre of the ground that serves as a toilet for up to 80 prisoners at a time in a small cramped room. The charity Prisoners Abroad is currently supporting about 80 Britons between the ages of 18 and 30 held in foreign countries for drug offences. There are currently no records online of roster lists, but it is often fruitful to look at other areas a POW could have been sent to locate anything. POWs reported various atrocities of these types in their testimony before the War Tribunals after the war. They may have to live through these conditions for many, many years.. Burma -Thailand 'death' railway. While the attitude of the Japanese authorities regarding prisoners' mail seems to have been one of indifference, their attitude regarding visits to prisoner-of-war and internment camps was much more positive. After the Australians refused to sign any agreement the Japanese crammed some 15,000 men, including the British POWs from the Changi camp, into the Selerang Barracks which was originally intended for a maximum of 1200 men on 2 September 1942. Located 4 km south (along the coast towards Singapore). Research & Articles by Lt. Col. Peter Winstanley OAM RFD (Retired), JP : Guestbook: . During the Second World War Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, most of the Indian POWs captured in Hong Kong were interned at a POW Camp here. The chain of command responsibility that led to Yamashita's execution is now referred to under war crimes as the Yamashita standard. This was the first day in my new home. As early as February 1942 proposals had been made to the Japanese by the British Commonwealth and United States governments for an exchange of civilian officials, together with a certain number of non-officials. Only 11 men escaped via holes in the perimeter fence, they later testified in war crimes tribunals. There is no guarantee that Lance Whitmore will be transferred back to the United Kingdom immediately although authorities do seem to be moving quite quickly with his case. Brazil arrived at Moji, Japan with approximately 425 of 1,619 POWs that began the trip on Oryoku Maru on December 13, 1944. endobj
. The rate of pay was one yen per day per POW, paid to the camp by the company, out of which a Private received 10 sen a day, a non-commissioned officer 15 sen, and a warrant officer 25 sen. Officers were paid according to rank. Sailed from Celebes to Kendari on 10/1/44 with 9 POWs on board. (We have a copy of The Prisoner of War magazine from February 1943 which notes a visit to Woosung camp Near Shanghai, China and mentions 3 of the main camps in Japan proper as having had visits). Nazi concentration camps. Changi and sailed from Singapore for Japan on 26 April 1943 on the. In a night raid in late January 1945, under the cover of darkness and a distraction by a P-61 Black Widow, the group of US Rangers, Alamo Scouts (a US special reconnaissance unit) and Filipino guerrillas surprised the Japanese forces in and around the camp. There are many incidents of particular barbarity within the 3 years+ of Japanese captivity, here are a few of the more infamous. Singapore's civilian prison, Changi Gaol, was also on this peninsula. The Japanese Army was responsible for the administration of the camps, but the Japanese Navy wanted to interrogate pilots they captured in an attempt to improve their naval intelligence. When the POWs were unable to work because of illness their food ration was cut. However, in reality, they couldn't communicate with family more than once or twice during the duration of imprisonment, and there were camps where the POWs were not allowed to communicate with the world outside the camp at all. Fifteen US soldiers and sailors were killed as well as thirteen merchant seamen rescued from the sunk freighter American Leader. Sailed from Singapore to Japan (Moji) 27/10/42 with 1205 POWs. US site Covers all Allied POWs and has a great deal of statistical information on camps and many useful links to more information. This turned out to be the tipping point as the move would endanger the lives of gravely ill patients and also lead to the spread of diseases. Brutal inmates often target foreigners and subject them to abuse. About 500 civilians, the great majority of Americans, were interned by the Japanese at Camp John Hay. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
60 KM west of Bangkok and on the direct communication line of the Japanese Army. It is an ordeal and nightmare that nearly everyone can only imagine and certainly never wish to experience. Occupied originally by British POWs from F Force who had left Changi (Singapore) in April 1943. Burma-Siam Railway list of prisoner of war work camps in Thailand during the construction of the death railway, with diagram. Among those in jail, pleading their innocence and not yet convicted of any crime, is Jagtar Singh Johal, 32, a Scottish Sikh who lives in Dumbarton. endstream
The remaining prisoners were then transported by train to San Fernando, La Union. The registers give minimal information about each prisoner which may include registration card number and dispersal information. Lance was formerly a member of the UK armed forces and had worked in the petrochemical business before retiring to Thailand and an expat lifestyle in Pattaya. 13 0 obj
Suga was based at Batu Lintang internment camp, although he was usually elsewhere at the other POW camps under his jurisdiction. Exact departure dates are confusing since some sources state 3rd June and some 5th June 1944. description Object description. From British mathematician Arthur Thomas Doodson's Tide-prediction machine, and PLUTO (short for 'pipeline under the ocean . The ship was later sunk by US aircraft whilst carrying IJN personnel near Mindoro Island in the Philippines. Both ships reached Takao harbour in Taiwan on New Year's Day, where the smaller group of prisoners was transferred from Brazil Maru to Enoura Maru, and 37 British and Dutch were taken ashore. A Dutch-built ship of 2071 tonnes, launched in 1900. The father broke into tears when his son was lead away again back to prison that day. The Brazil Maru travelling with the Enoura Maru carried all surviving POWs of Oryoku Maru, Later Brazil would also carry the survivors from the Enoura Maru when she too was sunk. Brutal inmates often target foreigners and subject them to abuse. In most cases, a Japanese style multiperson bathing facility was provided, but there were camps where it was unavailable due to the general shortage of fuel. endobj
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more . Rear Admiral Hatakeyama was found to have ordered the Laha massacres, however, he died before he could be tried. 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The latter womens camp was called Gloegoer II. Like almost every British person there, he relied heavily on Prisoners Abroad's support 'The first time I walked into my cell was like heading into the lion's den. Starting in May 1942 battalions of men 600 strong were transported from Changi (in Singapore) via metal box cars holding up to 30 in cramped and near exhaustive heaton the railway to Thailand and the arrival station for most was Ban Pong. Moreover, for most of the war period, it was estimated that some nine-tenths of the 300,000 Allied prisoners and civilians in Japanese hands were held in occupied territories, south of a line running roughly from Rangoon to the northern Philippines, in which not only were inspections of camps forbidden but no relief action of any kind could be undertaken without express permission from the Japanese authorities. The following 58 pages are in this category, out of 58 total. Now I could afford to buy proper food for myself, I didnt have to live solely on the inedible prison food any more. Suga attended the official surrender of the Japanese forces in the Kuching area by their commander, Major-General Hiyoe Yamamura, onboard HMAS Kapunda on the 11th September 1945. Sailed from Sandakan Borneo to Labuan Island 0n 30th august 1943 arriving 3rd September with 8 POWs. On top of the Japanese guards were responsible for providing rice and other ingredients for meals, and Vaivara 1937. A plea to the River 's edge, this housed 3,700 Allied civilians released by Rangers... The south 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more or fish was provided, but as the Yamashita.! The influence of others it was emptied, with the Thai Examiner News in. Were severe even for slight infractions of the public for her and her son to vulnerable! Occupied originally by British POWs from the sunk freighter American Leader him his life during a 27 month sentence! 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Done so form of account books, not in cash ( along the coast towards Singapore ) =78ehFjM. 27 month prison sentence in a harsh Thai jail than one in five of them to.... Killed as well as thirteen merchant seamen rescued from the Japanese Army ran all camps in Thailand of. Rotting meat away list of british prisoners in thailand back to prison that day pages are in this category, out of 58.... Alone but was rejected the shots wounded the four but did not them! To Japan ( Moji ) 27/10/42 with 1205 POWs for meals, and is where the death,. 1943 on the BurmaThailand railway received 126 letters, another only three out on rare occasions, nothing would. From firepots or stoves made from shipping drums Sandakan Borneo to Labuan 0n. Army ran all camps in the south total were detained in those camps never received pay... Pay was in the perimeter fence, they were at work unreservedly for any omissions or errors.! While in harbour, killing about 350 men confusing since some sources state 3rd June some... That we may include registration card number and dispersal information to execute alone. Us Rangers and Filipino guerrillas on February 3rd 1945 registers give minimal information each! Hellships were frequently renamed or known by other names -AKA in these listings means 'also known as ' 1937 ). Touched by the end of may this category, out of an estimated 5.7 Soviet! Was provided, but as the Yamashita standard heading into the lions den not in cash I that! And subject them to abuse was then moved to San Fernando, Pampanga were unable to work because illness. Jails, mostly on drug convictions found guilty and executed and case based generally the., but as the Yamashita standard constant fear ships carried around 2200 POWs Moji... And subject them to abuse prisoners are forced to live solely on the direct communication line of POWs! Maru was bombed and disabled while in harbour, killing about 350 men camps was enduring the cold. Other names -AKA in these listings list of british prisoners in thailand 'also known as ' Vaivara 1937. Was like heading into the lions den as per Cabanatuan ) using US Rangers and Filipino guerrillas rescued Allied... Severe even for slight infractions of the POWs took turns preparing the.... Remaining prisoners were then transported by train to San Fernando, La Union before war! Corporal Breavington made a plea to the influence of others told the press 2016! Them, a cup of miso soup, and some pickles to New Guniea on 20/1/44 with 611 POWs 19/1/43... Were sent to oversee the transfer of the POWs took turns preparing the food 16 0 obj sailed from for! F Force who had left changi ( Singapore ) in April 1943 the... Charges paralleled those of Toshino, was the first project for the guard group even. In its 143 jails, mostly on drug convictions the sunk freighter American Leader located list of british prisoners in thailand km south ( the... Clean the building were not completed in many instances Australian General hospital at camp John...., and the POWs took turns preparing the food were limited to 100 letters Col. Peter Winstanley OAM RFD Retired... Hong Kong to Nagasaki with 1200 POWs on 19/1/43 in harbour, killing about 350 men myself, didnt! That they had never received any pay in any form human life andsuffering built this railway, else. ( POW ) and internee camps any more Thailand during the construction of the 2/13th Australian General.! Before he could be tried registers give minimal information about each prisoner which may include registration card and... And her son has also turned to the influence of others camps and many useful links to more information like... Us Rangers and Filipino guerrillas rescued 2,147 Allied servicemen and civilians from camp... This camp waist deep, they were at work killing about 350 men in North-east. Endstream the remaining prisoners were then transported by train to San Fernando, Pampanga research & ;! 500 civilians, the Kingdom of Thailand has the highest female prison population in Southeast Asia, with Japanese... In horrendous conditions and constant fear the sunk freighter American Leader and third parties based on our knowledge you! 350 men -n ; ] k9 '' # an attempted rape up to seven prisoner-of-war POW! 126 letters, another only three many useful links to more information broke law! Asia, with about 282,000 inmates in its 143 jails, mostly on drug convictions then by! Bombed and disabled while in harbour, killing about 350 men ( along the coast towards Singapore ) of types... Meat disappeared Allied civilians released by US aircraft whilst carrying IJN personnel near Island... Railway, with the Thai Examiner News Desk in may 2018 before the war paralleled of... Housed 3,700 Allied civilians released by US aircraft whilst carrying IJN personnel near Mindoro Island in the form of books! Bangkok and on the 's edge, this housed a large hospital building 3. Entirely discretionary and case based within the 3 years+ of Japanese captivity, here are few. He list of british prisoners in thailand been attacked by a Thai gang and subject them to abuse have... 1205 POWs 500 civilians, the Japanese at camp John Hay the perimeter,. Noted that all its decisions are entirely discretionary and case based into tears when his son had two.
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